<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
		>
<channel>
	<title>Comments on: North Korea&#8217;s Nukes: Of Nukes and Ammonium Nitrate</title>
	<atom:link href="http://whiskeyandgunpowder.com/north-koreas-nukes-of-nukes-and-ammonium-nitrate/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://whiskeyandgunpowder.com/north-koreas-nukes-of-nukes-and-ammonium-nitrate/</link>
	<description>Whiskey and Gunpowder features articles on gold, oil, currencies, emerging markets, energy, and more.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sun, 12 Feb 2012 15:22:51 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.2.1</generator>
	<item>
		<title>By: Simon Gunson</title>
		<link>http://whiskeyandgunpowder.com/north-koreas-nukes-of-nukes-and-ammonium-nitrate/comment-page-1/#comment-8346</link>
		<dc:creator>Simon Gunson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Aug 2010 08:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://agoratestsite.com/wordpresswhiskey/?p=30#comment-8346</guid>
		<description>I do agree with Steven&#039;s view that Americans especially, often contemptuously dismiss the achievments of Japanese and Nazi nuclear programs. It is an incorrect assumption that because USA was first to use nuclear weapons that it&#039;s science was superior. Centrifuge technology for example developed by the Germans in WW2 was thirty times more efficient than USA&#039;s gaseous diffusion method for enriching Uranium. Japanese centrifuges were in some ways more advanced than German designs with their use of rare earth metals in the rotors. This permitted rotational speeds of up to between 100,000 and 150,000 rpm which even the Germans could not achieve. Efficiency of any centrifuge is based in part on the speed of rotation. The german Hellage Mark IIIB centrifuges could at best only maintain 60,000 rpm. A domestic washing machine spins at about 240 rpm.

In the so called Monsanto Report based on ALSOS findings by scientists Weinberg and Nordheim to A.H.Compton dated 8th November 1945, the report noted:

&quot;Generally we would say their approach was in no wise inferior to ours; in some respects it was superior.” 

At page three of the Monsanto report reflecting on the need to keep secret Nazi nuclear achievements:

“We must proceed therefore on the basis that anyone knowing what is in the German reports can establish a chain reaction provided he has sufficient materials... The time when others can establish a chain reaction is therefore no longer a matter of scientific research, but mostly a matter of procurement.”

I have to correct Steven however that Uranium is impracticable for warheads in a ballistic missile and indeed in most forms of delivery system. Plutonium is favoured because it can withstand knocks and jarring without premature detonation. 

Also in relation to Japan&#039;s WW2 nuclear weapons project Prof Bunsuku Arakatsu researched Lithium Gamma emissions under Deuteron beams. This suggests that Arakatsu was infact working on thermonuclear bombs, or fusion boosted fission. Nazi scientists Schumann and Trinks developed these types of bombs during WW2 and these Axis nations shared scientific discoveries from late 1943 onwards with frequent contact by U-boat and controversially (disputed), even by occasional long range flights through Bulgaria in 1944. The last flight from Germany to Japan according to the memoirs of Albert Speer was in late March 1945, using a Junker Ju-390 aircraft. 

The Trinks / Schumann thermonuclear weapon was adopted by USA as the Swan device. A type of sub-critical mini-nuke using Lithium Deuteride with Beryllium to ignite low enriched uranium, or even unenriched  238U.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I do agree with Steven&#8217;s view that Americans especially, often contemptuously dismiss the achievments of Japanese and Nazi nuclear programs. It is an incorrect assumption that because USA was first to use nuclear weapons that it&#8217;s science was superior. Centrifuge technology for example developed by the Germans in WW2 was thirty times more efficient than USA&#8217;s gaseous diffusion method for enriching Uranium. Japanese centrifuges were in some ways more advanced than German designs with their use of rare earth metals in the rotors. This permitted rotational speeds of up to between 100,000 and 150,000 rpm which even the Germans could not achieve. Efficiency of any centrifuge is based in part on the speed of rotation. The german Hellage Mark IIIB centrifuges could at best only maintain 60,000 rpm. A domestic washing machine spins at about 240 rpm.</p>
<p>In the so called Monsanto Report based on ALSOS findings by scientists Weinberg and Nordheim to A.H.Compton dated 8th November 1945, the report noted:</p>
<p>&#8220;Generally we would say their approach was in no wise inferior to ours; in some respects it was superior.” </p>
<p>At page three of the Monsanto report reflecting on the need to keep secret Nazi nuclear achievements:</p>
<p>“We must proceed therefore on the basis that anyone knowing what is in the German reports can establish a chain reaction provided he has sufficient materials&#8230; The time when others can establish a chain reaction is therefore no longer a matter of scientific research, but mostly a matter of procurement.”</p>
<p>I have to correct Steven however that Uranium is impracticable for warheads in a ballistic missile and indeed in most forms of delivery system. Plutonium is favoured because it can withstand knocks and jarring without premature detonation. </p>
<p>Also in relation to Japan&#8217;s WW2 nuclear weapons project Prof Bunsuku Arakatsu researched Lithium Gamma emissions under Deuteron beams. This suggests that Arakatsu was infact working on thermonuclear bombs, or fusion boosted fission. Nazi scientists Schumann and Trinks developed these types of bombs during WW2 and these Axis nations shared scientific discoveries from late 1943 onwards with frequent contact by U-boat and controversially (disputed), even by occasional long range flights through Bulgaria in 1944. The last flight from Germany to Japan according to the memoirs of Albert Speer was in late March 1945, using a Junker Ju-390 aircraft. </p>
<p>The Trinks / Schumann thermonuclear weapon was adopted by USA as the Swan device. A type of sub-critical mini-nuke using Lithium Deuteride with Beryllium to ignite low enriched uranium, or even unenriched  238U.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Steven hayden</title>
		<link>http://whiskeyandgunpowder.com/north-koreas-nukes-of-nukes-and-ammonium-nitrate/comment-page-1/#comment-6357</link>
		<dc:creator>Steven hayden</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 2010 01:34:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://agoratestsite.com/wordpresswhiskey/?p=30#comment-6357</guid>
		<description>In March 2010 after sixty years of US nuclear threats against North Korea, North Korea threatened to destroy US with nuclear weapons.This article analyses the basis of those threats.     
 
In 1945 Korea Manufactured the first Uranium  Bomb of Japan
The military of Japan had nuclear weapons development project located in North Korea near Kunan according to this article  http://www.reformation.org/atlanta-constitution.html
which was published in 1946 by Atlanta Journal Constitution. It was reliable journalistic work .It was printed in thousands of copies that were distributed throughout the US .General Groves denied the substance of article .However the article  could not be later classified by US since it was already spread across America .It was ignored by American culture that hides the achievements of Germany and Japan nuclear  while claiming to be intellectually superior to all  its opponents.
   North Korea had thousands of tons of uranium ore .Korea was site of forty thousand workers and scientists from Japan. In August 10th 1945 a nuclear fission device was exploded  off Konan in present day North Korea. The Japanese isotope separation technology was likely assisted by Germany .It is known fact that last Uboat from Germany,Uboat 235 had 1200 pounds uranium in gold lined cylinders and other advanced German weapons headed to Japan. It was three months after receiving this uranium [likely enriched] that US detonated its first fission test weapon. Whether the uranium of Uboat 235 was enriched and used to bomb Japan is not known. The primary difficulty in fission weapon production is mastery of isotope separation. Germany had excellent chemists and likely had mastered isotope separation likely using unconventional techniques. See Carter Hydrick book Critical Mass. If the 1200 pounds of uranium on Uboat 235 were enriched it suggest German chemists had mastered chemical separation of uranium to better degree than Iranian scientists of today that have manufactured only 2000 pounds of low enriched uranium. According to some texts , Germany detonated a test nuclear device before the end of war. See Reich of the Black Sun;Secret Weapons of Nazi Germany . Much of Robert Ferrell book and Carter Hydrick book are sheer speculation .
But it is a fact that a letter describing a mushroom cloud over Europe was classified in US until 1996. This suggests that Germany  tested a fission weapon but did not have a delivery vehicle. Wikipedia has sanitized history of German and Japan atomic programs. A German scientist Manfred Von Ardenne won Stalin Prize  suggesting he contributed to Soviet nuclear program and won the Stalin prize in 1947. After WWII , the German and Japan achievements in nuclear science were belittled by American press eager to promote idea of superiority of Western nuclear scientists . The cave in North Korea where original nuclear work of Japan was done was sealed by blast before Soviet Army arrived.
  
It has been almost sixty years since start Korean war . The Koreans knew that they faced a nuclear superpower. Most of cities in North Korea had been bombed with aerial bombing.
The logical need for nuclear weapons has existed for sixty years in North Korea. North Korea has likely placed massive importance on military and development of nuclear weapons for sixty years.It took the USSR less than ten years to master isotope separation of uranium on a massive scale. Given sixty years to develop uranium isotope separation techniques, North Korea should have mastered uranium isotope separation methods decades ago. Since North Korea has millions of tons of uranium bearing ore, North Korea should have been able to develop hundreds or even  thousands of uranium 235 fission weapons. North Korea does not have massive stocks of plutonium since it only had relatively small reactors. Japan which is North Korea&#039;s historical enemy has tons of plutonium in the spent fuel of its reactors. Japan could weaponize its plutonium stock rapidly and threaten North Korea. North Korea has reason to conceal its uranium stockpile to prevent public pressure on Japan to militarize its plutonium stockpile. North Korea  asserted its right to enrich uranium in 2002, likely after it had developed hundreds or thousands of uranium 235 weapons. Uranium 235 warheads were considered too heavy to be delivered to US mainland by North Korean missile technology. 
However the gamma radiation of Uranium 235 weapons was considered adequate to use them as EMP weapon. If North Kore developed more efficient launch vehicles it could target the upper atmosphere of US and Japan with U235 fission weapons able to create a EMP burst capable of destroying civilian electronic infrastructure. 
   In 2004 The North Koreans Demonstrated Mastery of Plutonium Isotope Separation 
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA475313&amp;Location=U2&amp;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
Read this article carefully .Note that North Korea handed Steven Hueneker a cold lump of plutonium that had the plutonium 240 separated from plutonium 239. The cool temperature of plutonium suggested that North Korea had mastered separation of Pu240 from Pu239. These plutonium isotopes are only separated by one neutron and are more difficult to separate than U235 and U238 that are different by three neutrons. The CIA accepts that North Korea has enough weapons grade plutonium for few nuclear devices .However the technology to separate plutonium 240 from plutonium 239 implies a high degree of isotope separation skills. These skills suggest the capacity to develop a great number of U235 weapons.   
  The oberth principle [wikipedia] supports  that cannon launched rocket is more efficient instrument to deliver payloads to space . The V3 vengeance weapon of Germany was funded by Germany and based on sound physical principals. It was bombed by Allies because they feared it might succeed at launching projectiles long distances. The US had a high altitude research program HARP http://www.astronautix.com/articles/abroject.htm . This program proved the cost effectiveness of cannon launched projectiles. The Martlet 4 projectile weighed 2400 pounds and was designed to launch 200 pounds to orbit. The project was cancelled for political reasons . If cannon launched rockets were proven publicly effective at launching orbital satellites then poor countries like Iraq could launch long range projectiles and orbital payloads.
     Gerry Bull had worked on HARP during 1960s.Gerry Bull never gave up his dream of gun-launching a satellite. In the mid-1980&#039;s he was contracted by the nation of Iraq to construct a satellite launching gun system. The Babylon Gun - a massive 1000 mm bore, 156 meter long, satellite launching gun - was seen as a threat by Iraq&#039;s neighbours (despite the fact that its sheer size would have made it ineffective as a weapon and easily disabled). Gerry Bull was targeted for assassination after he refused to be swayed by threats. On the evening March 22, 1990, at the age of 62, as Bull approached his apartment door in Brussels, he was shot six times in the back of the head. The assassin was reported to be Israeli military, although the case was never solved. Gerry Bull’s last Supergun was cut up and scrapped by the UN at the conclusion of the Iraq/Kuwait war. It was never assembled or fired.
   Steven Hunter estimated the development cost of a system to launch orbital payloads to be around five hundred million dollars. http://www.physorg.com/news183023838.html   The North Koreans were expert at manufacturing artillery and could have tested prototypes of the Babylon gun in underground tunnels. The expert tunneling skills would allow North Koreans to construct the cannon bores secretly using their underground tunnel system that had hundreds of miles of tunnels. The tunnels encased in stone mountains also serve as hardened silos. The US ABM system was designed to destroy North Korean missiles in first stage of flight not North Korean rocket projectiles launched at 5 kilometers per second. The Atomic Annie gun was designed to fire uranium fission shells with weight of 550 pounds in 1949 . North Korea could likely manufacture dozens of cannon launched rockets with uranium 235 fission warheads. The primary target would likely be the upper atmosphere of US and Japan in EMP attack. It would be difficult for North Korea to accurately hit US targets 8000 kilometers away without extensive testing. North korea has not extensively tested its long range nuclear weapons delivery system.
  An EMP attack by itself would not kill any Americans but the collapse of electronic industry would collapse the productive capacity of US. The North Koreans have lived without sophisticated consumer electronics for decades. The hardship on Americans would be no greater than what North Koreans have endured for years.  If EMP attack was successful the US could retaliate with  thousands of nuclear strikes against North Korea bunker system thousands of feet deep in granite mountains of North Korea . However ,this would create massive radioactive fallout that would threaten the electronic industry in countries that surround North Korea .After an EMP attack the Us will need Asian electronics industry to rebuild the US. The electronics industry of South Korea and China would need to be kept intact for US national security. After destroying civilian electronic infrastructure with EMP attack ,North Korea could still threaten the electronic industry in South Korea and China. It could use this threat to get China to negotiate a truce on its behalf. Even if food production in North Korea was obliterated with nuclear weapons ,China would be obliged to feed North Korea if it could destroy the Chinese electronics industry. If the cities and industry of North Korea were destroyed ,North Korea could still negotiate a truce with the US if it could destroy Asia&#039;s electronic industry.
   It can be argued that a nuclear EMP attack is in North Korea&#039;s best interest if US continues its hostile attitude toward North Korea. Within a decade Kim Jong Ill may have died from natural causes and the US will likely continue efforts to promote treachery and cowardice within North Korea leadership. Over one hundred thousand North Koreans have cell phones and US will use communication to promote internal dissent inside North Korea. If North Korean  attack the economy of US and Japan , North Korea could still threaten the remaining electronic industry of Asia. Potentially North Korea could force the US to allow reunion of  North and South Korea. The nuclear attack on US would assure the legacy of North Korean leadership for decades or even generations.
What Should the US DO?  
The US should stop its aggression toward the North Korean leadership. It should allow the peaceful reunification . If US allows reunification, North Korea would not have reason to attack US and Japan. North Korea has outlined a peaceful approach for unification according to         
For the safety and security of US and Japanese economy ,the US should allow the reunification  of Korea under the &quot;Korea is One&quot; plan http://www.kcckp.net/en/one/. The weapon systems that South Korea buys from US are unnecessary . It is highly unlikely that North Korea will target civilian electronics industry of South Korea. The nuclear weapons of US in South Korea and Japan threaten the local civilian populations with a potential retaliatory attack from North Korea . Leave Korea to the Koreans. The US  imperial policy against North Korea and its efforts to topple the North Korean government are in danger of starting nuclear war . A few days after threatening nuclear attack on US , North Korea offered a peace plan to US .Peace not war is best choice for US and Korea.            
       
This article is based solely on information in the public domain.
Author chooses to remain anonymous.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In March 2010 after sixty years of US nuclear threats against North Korea, North Korea threatened to destroy US with nuclear weapons.This article analyses the basis of those threats.     </p>
<p>In 1945 Korea Manufactured the first Uranium  Bomb of Japan<br />
The military of Japan had nuclear weapons development project located in North Korea near Kunan according to this article  <a href="http://www.reformation.org/atlanta-constitution.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.reformation.org/atl.....ution.html</a><br />
which was published in 1946 by Atlanta Journal Constitution. It was reliable journalistic work .It was printed in thousands of copies that were distributed throughout the US .General Groves denied the substance of article .However the article  could not be later classified by US since it was already spread across America .It was ignored by American culture that hides the achievements of Germany and Japan nuclear  while claiming to be intellectually superior to all  its opponents.<br />
   North Korea had thousands of tons of uranium ore .Korea was site of forty thousand workers and scientists from Japan. In August 10th 1945 a nuclear fission device was exploded  off Konan in present day North Korea. The Japanese isotope separation technology was likely assisted by Germany .It is known fact that last Uboat from Germany,Uboat 235 had 1200 pounds uranium in gold lined cylinders and other advanced German weapons headed to Japan. It was three months after receiving this uranium [likely enriched] that US detonated its first fission test weapon. Whether the uranium of Uboat 235 was enriched and used to bomb Japan is not known. The primary difficulty in fission weapon production is mastery of isotope separation. Germany had excellent chemists and likely had mastered isotope separation likely using unconventional techniques. See Carter Hydrick book Critical Mass. If the 1200 pounds of uranium on Uboat 235 were enriched it suggest German chemists had mastered chemical separation of uranium to better degree than Iranian scientists of today that have manufactured only 2000 pounds of low enriched uranium. According to some texts , Germany detonated a test nuclear device before the end of war. See Reich of the Black Sun;Secret Weapons of Nazi Germany . Much of Robert Ferrell book and Carter Hydrick book are sheer speculation .<br />
But it is a fact that a letter describing a mushroom cloud over Europe was classified in US until 1996. This suggests that Germany  tested a fission weapon but did not have a delivery vehicle. Wikipedia has sanitized history of German and Japan atomic programs. A German scientist Manfred Von Ardenne won Stalin Prize  suggesting he contributed to Soviet nuclear program and won the Stalin prize in 1947. After WWII , the German and Japan achievements in nuclear science were belittled by American press eager to promote idea of superiority of Western nuclear scientists . The cave in North Korea where original nuclear work of Japan was done was sealed by blast before Soviet Army arrived.</p>
<p>It has been almost sixty years since start Korean war . The Koreans knew that they faced a nuclear superpower. Most of cities in North Korea had been bombed with aerial bombing.<br />
The logical need for nuclear weapons has existed for sixty years in North Korea. North Korea has likely placed massive importance on military and development of nuclear weapons for sixty years.It took the USSR less than ten years to master isotope separation of uranium on a massive scale. Given sixty years to develop uranium isotope separation techniques, North Korea should have mastered uranium isotope separation methods decades ago. Since North Korea has millions of tons of uranium bearing ore, North Korea should have been able to develop hundreds or even  thousands of uranium 235 fission weapons. North Korea does not have massive stocks of plutonium since it only had relatively small reactors. Japan which is North Korea&#8217;s historical enemy has tons of plutonium in the spent fuel of its reactors. Japan could weaponize its plutonium stock rapidly and threaten North Korea. North Korea has reason to conceal its uranium stockpile to prevent public pressure on Japan to militarize its plutonium stockpile. North Korea  asserted its right to enrich uranium in 2002, likely after it had developed hundreds or thousands of uranium 235 weapons. Uranium 235 warheads were considered too heavy to be delivered to US mainland by North Korean missile technology.<br />
However the gamma radiation of Uranium 235 weapons was considered adequate to use them as EMP weapon. If North Kore developed more efficient launch vehicles it could target the upper atmosphere of US and Japan with U235 fission weapons able to create a EMP burst capable of destroying civilian electronic infrastructure.<br />
   In 2004 The North Koreans Demonstrated Mastery of Plutonium Isotope Separation<br />
<a href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA475313&#038;Location=U2&#038;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/Ge.....tTRDoc.pdf</a><br />
Read this article carefully .Note that North Korea handed Steven Hueneker a cold lump of plutonium that had the plutonium 240 separated from plutonium 239. The cool temperature of plutonium suggested that North Korea had mastered separation of Pu240 from Pu239. These plutonium isotopes are only separated by one neutron and are more difficult to separate than U235 and U238 that are different by three neutrons. The CIA accepts that North Korea has enough weapons grade plutonium for few nuclear devices .However the technology to separate plutonium 240 from plutonium 239 implies a high degree of isotope separation skills. These skills suggest the capacity to develop a great number of U235 weapons.<br />
  The oberth principle [wikipedia] supports  that cannon launched rocket is more efficient instrument to deliver payloads to space . The V3 vengeance weapon of Germany was funded by Germany and based on sound physical principals. It was bombed by Allies because they feared it might succeed at launching projectiles long distances. The US had a high altitude research program HARP <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/articles/abroject.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.astronautix.com/articles/abroject.htm</a> . This program proved the cost effectiveness of cannon launched projectiles. The Martlet 4 projectile weighed 2400 pounds and was designed to launch 200 pounds to orbit. The project was cancelled for political reasons . If cannon launched rockets were proven publicly effective at launching orbital satellites then poor countries like Iraq could launch long range projectiles and orbital payloads.<br />
     Gerry Bull had worked on HARP during 1960s.Gerry Bull never gave up his dream of gun-launching a satellite. In the mid-1980&#8242;s he was contracted by the nation of Iraq to construct a satellite launching gun system. The Babylon Gun &#8211; a massive 1000 mm bore, 156 meter long, satellite launching gun &#8211; was seen as a threat by Iraq&#8217;s neighbours (despite the fact that its sheer size would have made it ineffective as a weapon and easily disabled). Gerry Bull was targeted for assassination after he refused to be swayed by threats. On the evening March 22, 1990, at the age of 62, as Bull approached his apartment door in Brussels, he was shot six times in the back of the head. The assassin was reported to be Israeli military, although the case was never solved. Gerry Bull’s last Supergun was cut up and scrapped by the UN at the conclusion of the Iraq/Kuwait war. It was never assembled or fired.<br />
   Steven Hunter estimated the development cost of a system to launch orbital payloads to be around five hundred million dollars. <a href="http://www.physorg.com/news183023838.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.physorg.com/news183023838.html</a>   The North Koreans were expert at manufacturing artillery and could have tested prototypes of the Babylon gun in underground tunnels. The expert tunneling skills would allow North Koreans to construct the cannon bores secretly using their underground tunnel system that had hundreds of miles of tunnels. The tunnels encased in stone mountains also serve as hardened silos. The US ABM system was designed to destroy North Korean missiles in first stage of flight not North Korean rocket projectiles launched at 5 kilometers per second. The Atomic Annie gun was designed to fire uranium fission shells with weight of 550 pounds in 1949 . North Korea could likely manufacture dozens of cannon launched rockets with uranium 235 fission warheads. The primary target would likely be the upper atmosphere of US and Japan in EMP attack. It would be difficult for North Korea to accurately hit US targets 8000 kilometers away without extensive testing. North korea has not extensively tested its long range nuclear weapons delivery system.<br />
  An EMP attack by itself would not kill any Americans but the collapse of electronic industry would collapse the productive capacity of US. The North Koreans have lived without sophisticated consumer electronics for decades. The hardship on Americans would be no greater than what North Koreans have endured for years.  If EMP attack was successful the US could retaliate with  thousands of nuclear strikes against North Korea bunker system thousands of feet deep in granite mountains of North Korea . However ,this would create massive radioactive fallout that would threaten the electronic industry in countries that surround North Korea .After an EMP attack the Us will need Asian electronics industry to rebuild the US. The electronics industry of South Korea and China would need to be kept intact for US national security. After destroying civilian electronic infrastructure with EMP attack ,North Korea could still threaten the electronic industry in South Korea and China. It could use this threat to get China to negotiate a truce on its behalf. Even if food production in North Korea was obliterated with nuclear weapons ,China would be obliged to feed North Korea if it could destroy the Chinese electronics industry. If the cities and industry of North Korea were destroyed ,North Korea could still negotiate a truce with the US if it could destroy Asia&#8217;s electronic industry.<br />
   It can be argued that a nuclear EMP attack is in North Korea&#8217;s best interest if US continues its hostile attitude toward North Korea. Within a decade Kim Jong Ill may have died from natural causes and the US will likely continue efforts to promote treachery and cowardice within North Korea leadership. Over one hundred thousand North Koreans have cell phones and US will use communication to promote internal dissent inside North Korea. If North Korean  attack the economy of US and Japan , North Korea could still threaten the remaining electronic industry of Asia. Potentially North Korea could force the US to allow reunion of  North and South Korea. The nuclear attack on US would assure the legacy of North Korean leadership for decades or even generations.<br />
What Should the US DO?<br />
The US should stop its aggression toward the North Korean leadership. It should allow the peaceful reunification . If US allows reunification, North Korea would not have reason to attack US and Japan. North Korea has outlined a peaceful approach for unification according to<br />
For the safety and security of US and Japanese economy ,the US should allow the reunification  of Korea under the &#8220;Korea is One&#8221; plan <a href="http://www.kcckp.net/en/one/" rel="nofollow">http://www.kcckp.net/en/one/</a>. The weapon systems that South Korea buys from US are unnecessary . It is highly unlikely that North Korea will target civilian electronics industry of South Korea. The nuclear weapons of US in South Korea and Japan threaten the local civilian populations with a potential retaliatory attack from North Korea . Leave Korea to the Koreans. The US  imperial policy against North Korea and its efforts to topple the North Korean government are in danger of starting nuclear war . A few days after threatening nuclear attack on US , North Korea offered a peace plan to US .Peace not war is best choice for US and Korea.            </p>
<p>This article is based solely on information in the public domain.<br />
Author chooses to remain anonymous.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Steven hayden</title>
		<link>http://whiskeyandgunpowder.com/north-koreas-nukes-of-nukes-and-ammonium-nitrate/comment-page-1/#comment-6356</link>
		<dc:creator>Steven hayden</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 2010 01:32:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://agoratestsite.com/wordpresswhiskey/?p=30#comment-6356</guid>
		<description>This was outstanding article. It is known fact that plutonium can only be produced in a nuclear reactor which has a large heat signature and can easily be detected from the air . Nuclear reactors can be bombed from air. North Korea knew that its potential to produce weapons grade  plutonium could be limited by US aerial attack. If however North Korea developed uranium isotope separation skills , it could separate U235 from U238.North Korea had millions of tons of Uranium ore. Each ton of uranium contains 16 pounds of U235 .A thousand tons of uranium ore possessed enough U235 for hundreds of weapons. The real nuclear potential of North Korea fission weapons laid in isotope separation methods  for uranium.  
   The early atomic program of the US developed a number of useful fission weapons. From Wikipedia.The W9 was 11 inches (280 mm) in diameter, 55 inches (138 cm) long, and weighed 850 pounds (364 kg). It had an explosive yield of 15 kilotons.The W9 was a gun-type nuclear weapon, utilizing around 50 kilograms of highly enriched uranium in one large rings assembly and one smaller &quot;bullet&quot;, which was fired down a tube by conventional explosives into the rings assembly to achieve critical mass and detonate the weapon. Developed in 1952.The W33 is 8 inches in diameter and 37 inches long; it weighs 243 pounds. Developed 1956.
As with most other early nuclear artillery shells such as the 11&quot; W9 shell, it was a compact gun type nuclear weapon.
It uses U235. Yield is between 10-40 kiloton .
    Uranium fission devices generate gamma radiation and are effective at EMP weapons.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse
The total prompt gamma ray energy in a fission explosion is 3.5% of the yield, but in a 10 kiloton detonation the high explosive around the bomb core absorbs about 85% of the prompt gamma rays, so the output is only about 0.5% of the yield in kilotons. In the thermonuclear Starfish Prime the fission yield was less than 100% to begin with, and then the thicker outer casing absorbed about 95% of the prompt gamma rays from the pusher around the fusion stage. Thermonuclear weapons are also less efficient at producing EMP because the first stage can pre-ionize the air[21] which becomes conductive and hence rapidly shorts out the electron Compton currents generated by the final, larger yield thermonuclear stage. Hence, small pure fission weapons with thin cases are far more efficient at causing EMP than most megaton bombs.

    The EMP Commission sponsored a worldwide survey of foreign scientific and military literature to evaluate the knowledge, and possibly the intentions, of foreign states with respect to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack. The survey found that the physics of EMP phenomenon and the military potential of EMP attack are widely understood in the international community, as reflected in official and unofficial writings and statements. The survey of open sources over the past decade finds that knowledge about EMP and EMP attack is evidenced in at least Britain, France, Germany, Israel, Egypt, Taiwan, Sweden, Cuba, India, Pakistan, Iraq under Saddam Hussein, Iran, North Korea, China and Russia.
    . . .

    Many foreign analysts–particularly in Iran, North Korea, China, and Russia–view the United States as a potential aggressor that would be willing to use its entire panoply of weapons, including nuclear weapons, in a first strike. They perceive the United States as having contingency plans to make a nuclear EMP attack, and as being willing to execute those plans under a broad range of circumstances.

    Russian and Chinese military scientists in open source writings describe the basic principles of nuclear weapons designed specifically to generate an enhanced-EMP effect, that they term &quot;Super-EMP&quot; weapons. &quot;Super-EMP&quot; weapons, according to these foreign open source writings, can destroy even the best protected U.S. military and civilian electronic systems.[45]

from http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/report/1988/CM2.htm

 The second type, high-altitude EMP (HEMP), is the most
significant and, potentially, the most hazardous to our security.
The explosion of a nuclear burst at an altitude greater than 30 to
over 500 kilometers above the earth&#039;s surface will produce the above

scenario.  Due to the very thin to  non existent atmosphere
at these altitudes, the gammma rays emitted from the explosion
will travel radically outward for long distances.  Those
gamma rays traveling toward the earth&#039;s atmosphere are stopped by

collisions with atmospheric molecules at altitudes between 20 and
40 kilometers.  These collisions generate Compton recoil electrons
which interact with the earth&#039;s magnetic field to produce a downward
traveling electromagnetic wave.  This high altitude burst will not

generate any other nuclear effect at the earth&#039;s surface (9:1-5).
     However, this type of nuclear explosion also produces a vast
ground coverage.  Significant HEMP levels occur at the earth&#039;s
surface out to where the line of sight from the burst contacts the

earth&#039;s surface.  Consequently, a nuclear burst over the central
part of the United States at an altitude of 500 kilometers would
produce an EMP field that would incapacitate all communications
systems in the continental United States (9:1-8).



What is apparent is that once North Korea mastered uranium 235 separation it had a vast stockpile of ore for producing weapons.
North Korea has never demonstrated the ability to deliver a 250  pound warhead 500 kilometers above the continental US. It is likely that North Korea recognized the need for such a delivery system and has searched for decades to achieve it. North Korea would likely have investigated every potential efficient long range delivery system for decades. Whether North Korea investigated rocket assisted cannons and Babylon gun is unknown, but common sense would suggest they did.

Author is anonymous</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This was outstanding article. It is known fact that plutonium can only be produced in a nuclear reactor which has a large heat signature and can easily be detected from the air . Nuclear reactors can be bombed from air. North Korea knew that its potential to produce weapons grade  plutonium could be limited by US aerial attack. If however North Korea developed uranium isotope separation skills , it could separate U235 from U238.North Korea had millions of tons of Uranium ore. Each ton of uranium contains 16 pounds of U235 .A thousand tons of uranium ore possessed enough U235 for hundreds of weapons. The real nuclear potential of North Korea fission weapons laid in isotope separation methods  for uranium.<br />
   The early atomic program of the US developed a number of useful fission weapons. From Wikipedia.The W9 was 11 inches (280 mm) in diameter, 55 inches (138 cm) long, and weighed 850 pounds (364 kg). It had an explosive yield of 15 kilotons.The W9 was a gun-type nuclear weapon, utilizing around 50 kilograms of highly enriched uranium in one large rings assembly and one smaller &#8220;bullet&#8221;, which was fired down a tube by conventional explosives into the rings assembly to achieve critical mass and detonate the weapon. Developed in 1952.The W33 is 8 inches in diameter and 37 inches long; it weighs 243 pounds. Developed 1956.<br />
As with most other early nuclear artillery shells such as the 11&#8243; W9 shell, it was a compact gun type nuclear weapon.<br />
It uses U235. Yield is between 10-40 kiloton .<br />
    Uranium fission devices generate gamma radiation and are effective at EMP weapons.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse</a><br />
The total prompt gamma ray energy in a fission explosion is 3.5% of the yield, but in a 10 kiloton detonation the high explosive around the bomb core absorbs about 85% of the prompt gamma rays, so the output is only about 0.5% of the yield in kilotons. In the thermonuclear Starfish Prime the fission yield was less than 100% to begin with, and then the thicker outer casing absorbed about 95% of the prompt gamma rays from the pusher around the fusion stage. Thermonuclear weapons are also less efficient at producing EMP because the first stage can pre-ionize the air[21] which becomes conductive and hence rapidly shorts out the electron Compton currents generated by the final, larger yield thermonuclear stage. Hence, small pure fission weapons with thin cases are far more efficient at causing EMP than most megaton bombs.</p>
<p>    The EMP Commission sponsored a worldwide survey of foreign scientific and military literature to evaluate the knowledge, and possibly the intentions, of foreign states with respect to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack. The survey found that the physics of EMP phenomenon and the military potential of EMP attack are widely understood in the international community, as reflected in official and unofficial writings and statements. The survey of open sources over the past decade finds that knowledge about EMP and EMP attack is evidenced in at least Britain, France, Germany, Israel, Egypt, Taiwan, Sweden, Cuba, India, Pakistan, Iraq under Saddam Hussein, Iran, North Korea, China and Russia.<br />
    . . .</p>
<p>    Many foreign analysts–particularly in Iran, North Korea, China, and Russia–view the United States as a potential aggressor that would be willing to use its entire panoply of weapons, including nuclear weapons, in a first strike. They perceive the United States as having contingency plans to make a nuclear EMP attack, and as being willing to execute those plans under a broad range of circumstances.</p>
<p>    Russian and Chinese military scientists in open source writings describe the basic principles of nuclear weapons designed specifically to generate an enhanced-EMP effect, that they term &#8220;Super-EMP&#8221; weapons. &#8220;Super-EMP&#8221; weapons, according to these foreign open source writings, can destroy even the best protected U.S. military and civilian electronic systems.[45]</p>
<p>from <a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/report/1988/CM2.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.globalsecurity.org/.....88/CM2.htm</a></p>
<p> The second type, high-altitude EMP (HEMP), is the most<br />
significant and, potentially, the most hazardous to our security.<br />
The explosion of a nuclear burst at an altitude greater than 30 to<br />
over 500 kilometers above the earth&#8217;s surface will produce the above</p>
<p>scenario.  Due to the very thin to  non existent atmosphere<br />
at these altitudes, the gammma rays emitted from the explosion<br />
will travel radically outward for long distances.  Those<br />
gamma rays traveling toward the earth&#8217;s atmosphere are stopped by</p>
<p>collisions with atmospheric molecules at altitudes between 20 and<br />
40 kilometers.  These collisions generate Compton recoil electrons<br />
which interact with the earth&#8217;s magnetic field to produce a downward<br />
traveling electromagnetic wave.  This high altitude burst will not</p>
<p>generate any other nuclear effect at the earth&#8217;s surface (9:1-5).<br />
     However, this type of nuclear explosion also produces a vast<br />
ground coverage.  Significant HEMP levels occur at the earth&#8217;s<br />
surface out to where the line of sight from the burst contacts the</p>
<p>earth&#8217;s surface.  Consequently, a nuclear burst over the central<br />
part of the United States at an altitude of 500 kilometers would<br />
produce an EMP field that would incapacitate all communications<br />
systems in the continental United States (9:1-8).</p>
<p>What is apparent is that once North Korea mastered uranium 235 separation it had a vast stockpile of ore for producing weapons.<br />
North Korea has never demonstrated the ability to deliver a 250  pound warhead 500 kilometers above the continental US. It is likely that North Korea recognized the need for such a delivery system and has searched for decades to achieve it. North Korea would likely have investigated every potential efficient long range delivery system for decades. Whether North Korea investigated rocket assisted cannons and Babylon gun is unknown, but common sense would suggest they did.</p>
<p>Author is anonymous</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>

